# Thermal Cases

Buoyancy-driven and heat-transfer flows in the Boussinesq regime, where small temperature differences couple back into the momentum equation through a linear buoyancy force while the density stays effectively constant. They validate the thermal model against natural-convection benchmarks, from closed-cavity conduction to convection around a heated cylinder. Large-density-ratio and fire-induced flows, where the density itself varies, live under {ref}`buoyant flows <vc_lowmach_bubble>`.

```{toctree}
---
maxdepth: 1
---
01_differentially_heated_cavity/README.md
02_heated_cylinder/README.md
```