# Canonical Turbulence Cases

Wall-bounded and freely-decaying turbulent flows validated against DNS and experiment. They test whether the LES subgrid model and near-wall treatment reproduce correct turbulence statistics, not merely a correct mean, and exercise transition, separation and energy-cascade physics.

```{toctree}
---
maxdepth: 1
---
01_taylor_green_vortex_3d/README.md
02_turbulent_channel_flow/README.md
03_turbulent_pipe_flow/README.md
04_backward_step_flow/README.md
```